Scientists Create Super-Random Numbers to Keep Computers Safe

Keeping information safe on computers depends on randomness. When we use passwords or send secret messages, computers need to create random numbers that no one can guess. But regular computers have a big problem with making truly random numbers.

Most computers today use what are called random number generators. These try to make random numbers, but they often have tiny mistakes. These mistakes can create hidden patterns that hackers might discover. Even powerful computers struggle with this because they use regular computer parts called transistors.

The new system uses something called quantum computers, which work very differently. Quantum computers use special parts called qubits instead of regular computer bits. Regular computer bits can only be either 1 or 0, like a light switch that's either on or off. But qubits can exist in many different states at the same time until someone measures them.

The scientists took two qubits and connected them in a special way called entanglement. They put these qubits at opposite ends of a long tube that was 30 meters long. The tube was kept extremely cold, almost at the coldest temperature possible. When qubits are entangled, they share the same position, so measuring both gives the same result.

To test their system, the scientists ran a picture of a sheep through it. The computer turned the sheep picture into random numbers. The result was a messy mix of colors and spots that would be impossible to put back together. Even the most powerful quantum computers couldn't figure out the original picture.